Explanation:
The show interfaces switchport command is used to verify the operational and configured status of a switch port.

The show controllers command is used to view hardware-related information on router and switch interfaces. It is useful for troubleshooting and diagnosing issues with interfaces. It does not display the operational status of the switch port.

The show interface fastethernet0/1 detail and show interface fastethernet0/1 status commands are incorrect because they are not valid Cisco IOS commands.

Explanation:
You should use the traceroute command. The traceroute command finds the path a packet takes while being transmitted to a remote destination. It is also used to track down routing loops or errors in a network.

The tracert command is incorrect because this command is used by Microsoft Windows operating systems, not the Cisco IOS command line interface. However, the purpose of the tracert command is similar to the Cisco traceroute utility, namely to test the connectivity or “reachability” of a network device or host. The tracert command uses Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).

The extended ping Cisco IOS command can be issued on a router to test connectivity between two remote routers. This option is incorrect because you are not testing connectivity in this scenario; you want to determine the route a packet takes through the internetwork.

The ping command is also incorrect because you are not testing connectivity in this scenario; you want to determine the route a packet takes through the internetwork.

Explanation:
When a transmission is made to a remote location, the sending host will perform an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) broadcast in its local subnet using the IP address of the local router interface, and the local router interface will respond with its own MAC address. A remote address is defined as an address in a different subnet.

When a host determines (through a process called ANDing) that a destination address is remote, it will send the packet to the local router interface, which is known as the default gateway on the host. But when it performs ANDing on the IP address of the local router interface, it will discover that the interface is local. When
transmitting to a local IP address, a conversion to a MAC address must occur. Therefore, it will perform a local ARP broadcast, and the local router interface will respond with its MAC address.

Regardless of whether the host is broadcasting for the MAC address of the destination locally on the same LAN, or if it is broadcasting for the MAC address of the router interface (remotely), the broadcast will be a Layer 2 broadcast using the MAC address ff-ff-ff-ff-ff. It will be received by all devices on the LAN, but only the device with the specified IP address will reply.

The ARP resolution process does take a second or two to complete if no mapping for the destination devices IP address to MAC address is found in the ARP cache. For example, if the MAC address must be resolved through the ARP broadcast when pinging from one device to another, it can cause the first several echo requests to go unanswered, as shown on the output below. After this resolution has been completed, however, the second ping attempt should receive an answer to all five ICMP echo requests.

The sending host will not perform an ARP broadcast in its local subnet using the IP address of the destination host. A local ARP broadcast is only performed when the ANDing process deduces that the destination IP address is local. In this case, the destination is remote.

The destination host will not respond with its MAC address. The process of learning the MAC address of the destination computer is the responsibility of the local router interface on the subnet where the destination host resides.

Explanation:
The output was produced by the show mac-address-table command. The show mac-address-table command displays a table of every learned MAC address and the switch port associated with the MAC address. The output shown in the question indicates that four MAC addresses have been learned by this switch, and the last column indicates the switch port over which each MAC address was learned, and for which frames destined for each MAC address will be forwarded. The MAC address table is built dynamically by examining the source MAC address of received frames.

The show ip interface command is a router command, and displays no information on MAC address tables.

The show interface mac and show mac commands are incorrect because they are not valid Cisco IOS commands.

Explanation:
The show ip protocols command is used to view the current state of active routing protocols.

The show ip arp command is incorrect because this command is executed on a router to determine the IP and MAC addresses of hosts on a LAN connected to the router.

The debug ip rip command is incorrect because this command is used to capture RIP traffic between the routers in real time.

The show ip routing process command is incorrect because it is not a valid Cisco IOS command.

Explanation:
The configuration will not increase packet fragmentation. Conversely, it will reduce it by lowering the maximum transmission unit to 1400 and the maximum segment size to 1360 bytes.

Most transport MTUs are 1500 bytes. Simply reducing the MTU will account for the extra overhead added by GRE. Setting the MTU to a value of 1400 is a common practice, and it will ensure unnecessary packet fragmentation is kept to a minimum.

The other statements are true. The physical address of R2 is 2.2.2.2, while the tunnel interface address is 172.16.1.2.

Because you have not issued any command that changes the connection, it will operate in the default mode of IP.

The configuration does alter the maximum segment size with the ip tcp adjust-mss 1360 command.

Explanation:
The show spanning-tree vlan vlan-id command is correct because this command shows timers, version of spanning tree, and the bridge ID of the local and designated switches for a specific VLAN on a Cisco Catalyst 2950 series switch.

The show vlan id vlan-id command is incorrect because it will show only the ports assigned to each VLAN.

The show vlan database command is incorrect because this is not a valid Cisco IOS command.

The show vlan brief command is incorrect because this command is used view the entire VLAN database, and does not provide information for a specific VLAN.

Explanation:
A straight-through cable is also known as a patch cable, and a straight-through cable is used to connect a switch to a router. The following are the characteristics of a straight-through cable:

– It is a twisted-pair copper wire cable.
– The RJ-45 connectors at both ends have the same conductor arrangement.
– It is also known as a patch cable.
– You can connect a switch to a router using a straight-through cable.
– You can connect a router to a hub or a workstation to a hub using a straight-through cable.

All the other options are incorrect because they are the characteristics of a crossover cable.

Explanation:
FTP and SMTP work at the application layer in the OSI model. The application layer is responsible for interacting directly with the application. It provides application services, such as e-mail and FTP. The following protocols work on the application layer:

– FTP: Used to transfer data between hosts through the Internet or a network.
– SMTP: A Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/ Internet Protocol (IP) protocol used to send and receive e-mail messages.
– Telnet: Used to allow remote logins and command execution.

The Session layer is incorrect because this layer creates, manages, and terminates sessions between communicating nodes. NetBIOS and Session Control Protocol (SCP) work at the session layer.

The Presentation layer is incorrect because this layer enables coding and conversion functions for application layer data. The Presentation layer includes graphic image formats, such as Graphics Interchange Format (GIF), Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), and Tagged Image File Format (TIFF).

The Network layer is incorrect because this layer defines the network address or the Internet Protocol (IP) address, which are then used by the routers to make forwarding decisions.